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Vol. 15 No. 48 (2023): Al Kut Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences (KJEAS
This is the Third issue in the Third quarter of 2023. Issue number is 48and the volume is 15. In this issue, you will find different topics in Economics, Business Administration, Accounting, Statistics, Banking, and Financial Sciences. Please email us atzamohammed@uowasit.edu.iq if you have any questions or comments.
language evaluation (م. د علي محمد شندي , م . علاء كاظم كمر )
Published:
Deprecated: Carbon\Traits\Date::getDaysFromStartOfWeek(): Implicitly marking parameter $weekStartsAt as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/Traits/Date.php on line 1394
Deprecated: Carbon\Traits\Date::setDaysFromStartOfWeek(): Implicitly marking parameter $weekStartsAt as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/Traits/Date.php on line 1412
Deprecated: Carbon\Traits\Date::utcOffset(): Implicitly marking parameter $minuteOffset as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/Traits/Date.php on line 1481
Deprecated: Carbon\Traits\Localization::locale(): Implicitly marking parameter $locale as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/Traits/Localization.php on line 447
Deprecated: Symfony\Contracts\Translation\TranslatorInterface::trans(): Implicitly marking parameter $domain as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation-contracts/TranslatorInterface.php on line 62
Deprecated: Symfony\Contracts\Translation\TranslatorInterface::trans(): Implicitly marking parameter $locale as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation-contracts/TranslatorInterface.php on line 62
Deprecated: Carbon\Traits\Test::setDefaultTimezone(): Implicitly marking parameter $date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/Traits/Test.php on line 203
Deprecated: Return type of Carbon\Traits\Date::createFromTimestamp($timestamp, $tz = null) should either be compatible with DateTime::createFromTimestamp(int|float $timestamp): static, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/Traits/Timestamp.php on line 29
Deprecated: Carbon\CarbonTimeZone::toOffsetName(): Implicitly marking parameter $date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/CarbonTimeZone.php on line 158
Deprecated: Carbon\CarbonTimeZone::toOffsetTimeZone(): Implicitly marking parameter $date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/CarbonTimeZone.php on line 172
Deprecated: Carbon\CarbonTimeZone::toRegionName(): Implicitly marking parameter $date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/CarbonTimeZone.php on line 188
Deprecated: Carbon\CarbonTimeZone::toRegionTimeZone(): Implicitly marking parameter $date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/CarbonTimeZone.php on line 230
Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\Translator::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $formatter as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/Translator.php on line 71
Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\Translator::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $cacheDir as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/Translator.php on line 71
Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\Translator::addResource(): Implicitly marking parameter $domain as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/Translator.php on line 109
Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\Translator::trans(): Implicitly marking parameter $domain as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/Translator.php on line 176
Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\Translator::trans(): Implicitly marking parameter $locale as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/Translator.php on line 176
Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\Translator::getCatalogue(): Implicitly marking parameter $locale as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/Translator.php on line 211
Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\MessageCatalogue::all(): Implicitly marking parameter $domain as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/MessageCatalogue.php on line 66
Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\MessageCatalogueInterface::all(): Implicitly marking parameter $domain as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/MessageCatalogueInterface.php on line 42
Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\TranslatorBagInterface::getCatalogue(): Implicitly marking parameter $locale as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/TranslatorBagInterface.php on line 28
Deprecated: Carbon\AbstractTranslator::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $formatter as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/AbstractTranslator.php on line 81
Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\Formatter\MessageFormatter::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $translator as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/Formatter/MessageFormatter.php on line 31
Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\Formatter\MessageFormatter::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $intlFormatter as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/Formatter/MessageFormatter.php on line 31
Deprecated: Symfony\Contracts\Translation\TranslatorTrait::trans(): Implicitly marking parameter $domain as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation-contracts/TranslatorTrait.php on line 44
Deprecated: Symfony\Contracts\Translation\TranslatorTrait::trans(): Implicitly marking parameter $locale as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation-contracts/TranslatorTrait.php on line 44
2024-01-21
Deprecated: Carbon\Traits\Date::getDaysFromStartOfWeek(): Implicitly marking parameter $weekStartsAt as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/Traits/Date.php on line 1394
Deprecated: Carbon\Traits\Date::setDaysFromStartOfWeek(): Implicitly marking parameter $weekStartsAt as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/Traits/Date.php on line 1412
Deprecated: Carbon\Traits\Date::utcOffset(): Implicitly marking parameter $minuteOffset as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/Traits/Date.php on line 1481
Deprecated: Carbon\Traits\Localization::locale(): Implicitly marking parameter $locale as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/Traits/Localization.php on line 447
Deprecated: Symfony\Contracts\Translation\TranslatorInterface::trans(): Implicitly marking parameter $domain as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation-contracts/TranslatorInterface.php on line 62
Deprecated: Symfony\Contracts\Translation\TranslatorInterface::trans(): Implicitly marking parameter $locale as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation-contracts/TranslatorInterface.php on line 62
Deprecated: Carbon\Traits\Test::setDefaultTimezone(): Implicitly marking parameter $date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/Traits/Test.php on line 203
Deprecated: Return type of Carbon\Traits\Date::createFromTimestamp($timestamp, $tz = null) should either be compatible with DateTime::createFromTimestamp(int|float $timestamp): static, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/Traits/Timestamp.php on line 29
Deprecated: Carbon\CarbonTimeZone::toOffsetName(): Implicitly marking parameter $date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/CarbonTimeZone.php on line 158
Deprecated: Carbon\CarbonTimeZone::toOffsetTimeZone(): Implicitly marking parameter $date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/CarbonTimeZone.php on line 172
Deprecated: Carbon\CarbonTimeZone::toRegionName(): Implicitly marking parameter $date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/CarbonTimeZone.php on line 188
Deprecated: Carbon\CarbonTimeZone::toRegionTimeZone(): Implicitly marking parameter $date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/CarbonTimeZone.php on line 230
Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\Translator::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $formatter as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/Translator.php on line 71
Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\Translator::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $cacheDir as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/Translator.php on line 71
Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\Translator::addResource(): Implicitly marking parameter $domain as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/Translator.php on line 109
Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\Translator::trans(): Implicitly marking parameter $domain as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/Translator.php on line 176
Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\Translator::trans(): Implicitly marking parameter $locale as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/Translator.php on line 176
Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\Translator::getCatalogue(): Implicitly marking parameter $locale as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/Translator.php on line 211
Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\MessageCatalogue::all(): Implicitly marking parameter $domain as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/MessageCatalogue.php on line 66
Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\MessageCatalogueInterface::all(): Implicitly marking parameter $domain as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/MessageCatalogueInterface.php on line 42
Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\TranslatorBagInterface::getCatalogue(): Implicitly marking parameter $locale as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/TranslatorBagInterface.php on line 28
Deprecated: Carbon\AbstractTranslator::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $formatter as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/AbstractTranslator.php on line 81
Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\Formatter\MessageFormatter::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $translator as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/Formatter/MessageFormatter.php on line 31
Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\Formatter\MessageFormatter::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $intlFormatter as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/Formatter/MessageFormatter.php on line 31
Deprecated: Symfony\Contracts\Translation\TranslatorTrait::trans(): Implicitly marking parameter $domain as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation-contracts/TranslatorTrait.php on line 44
Deprecated: Symfony\Contracts\Translation\TranslatorTrait::trans(): Implicitly marking parameter $locale as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation-contracts/TranslatorTrait.php on line 44
2024-01-21
Articles
-
قياس أثر مؤشّرات الذكاء الاقتصادي في القيمة المضافة الصناعية – الصين أنموذجاً للمدّة (1995 - 2021)
- pdf (Arabic)
- doi (Arabic)
Deprecated: PKP\submissionFile\DAO::get(): Implicitly marking parameter $submissionId as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/classes/submissionFile/DAO.php on line 92
Deprecated: PKP\submissionFile\DAO::exists(): Implicitly marking parameter $submissionId as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/classes/submissionFile/DAO.php on line 110
