Current Issue

Vol. 17 No. 60 (2025): Al Kut Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences (KJEAS)

This is the Fourth issue in the Fourth quarter of 2025. Issue number is 60 and the volume is 17. In this issue, you will find different topics in Economics, Business Administration, Accounting, Statistics, Banking, and Financial Sciences. Please email us at zamohammed@uowasit.edu.iq if you have any questions or comments.

language evaluation    (أ .د جاسم حسين سلطان هنيدي , م . علاء كاظم كمر )

Published:
Deprecated: Return type of Carbon\Traits\Date::createFromTimestamp($timestamp, $tz = null) should either be compatible with DateTime::createFromTimestamp(int|float $timestamp): static, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/Traits/Timestamp.php on line 29

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\Translator::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $formatter as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/Translator.php on line 71

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\Translator::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $cacheDir as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/Translator.php on line 71

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\Translator::addResource(): Implicitly marking parameter $domain as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/Translator.php on line 109

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\Translator::trans(): Implicitly marking parameter $domain as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/Translator.php on line 176

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\Translator::trans(): Implicitly marking parameter $locale as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/Translator.php on line 176

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\Translator::getCatalogue(): Implicitly marking parameter $locale as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/Translator.php on line 211

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\MessageCatalogue::all(): Implicitly marking parameter $domain as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/MessageCatalogue.php on line 66

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\MessageCatalogueInterface::all(): Implicitly marking parameter $domain as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/MessageCatalogueInterface.php on line 42

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\TranslatorBagInterface::getCatalogue(): Implicitly marking parameter $locale as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/TranslatorBagInterface.php on line 28

Deprecated: Carbon\AbstractTranslator::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $formatter as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/AbstractTranslator.php on line 81

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\Formatter\MessageFormatter::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $translator as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/Formatter/MessageFormatter.php on line 31

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\Formatter\MessageFormatter::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $intlFormatter as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation/Formatter/MessageFormatter.php on line 31

Deprecated: Symfony\Contracts\Translation\TranslatorTrait::trans(): Implicitly marking parameter $domain as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation-contracts/TranslatorTrait.php on line 44

Deprecated: Symfony\Contracts\Translation\TranslatorTrait::trans(): Implicitly marking parameter $locale as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/iqserver/journals/kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/lib/pkp/lib/vendor/symfony/translation-contracts/TranslatorTrait.php on line 44
2026-04-27

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